Prevalencia de Brucelosis en trabajadores de la industria cárnica en el Perú / Prevalence of Brucellosis in meat industry workers in Peru

La brucelosis es una enfermedad zoonótica causada por especies de Brucella a través de animales domésticos infectados. En áreas endémicas, ciertas ocupaciones tales como veterinarios, carniceros y trabajadores de mataderos son considerados de alto riesgo en relación con la brucelosis. Evaluamos la seroprevalencia de brucelosis en personas con ocupaciones de alto riesgo en tres mataderos de ganado bovino en Perú. Para cada uno de ellos se completó un cuestionario que incluía datos demográficos, antigüedad en el empleo y uso de equipo de protección personal, luego se obtuvieron muestras de sangre y se analizaron mediante la técnica de ELISA para detectar anticuerpos IgM anti Brucella. En general, 49 de 173 (28,32%) participantes exhibieron serorreactividad para la brucelosis. Cefalea, dolor en las articulaciones, sudores nocturnos, fiebre y anorexia fueron síntomas comunes en los casos seropositivos. Además, el 63,27% de los participantes seropositivos estaban asintomáticos. La prevalencia de brucelosis en estos grupos ocupacionales en relación a la ausencia de manifestaciones clínicas en un número significativo de ellos fue alta, por lo que los exámenes clínicos periódicos en estos grupos parecen ser esenciales para el sistema de vigilancia de la brucelosis. Se debe alentar el uso regular y constante de equipo de protección personal, especialmente anteojos protectores, entre los trabajadores del matadero de ganado para reducir la infección por brucelosis(AU)

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Brucella species through infected domestic animals. In endemic areas, certain occupations such as veterinarians, butchers, and slaughterhouse workers are considered high risk for brucellosis. We evaluated the seroprevalence of brucellosis in people with high-risk occupations in three cattle slaughterhouses in Peru. A questionnaire including demographic data, length of employment, and the use of personal protective equipment was completed for each of them, then blood samples were obtained and analyzed using the ELISA test to detect anti-Brucella IgM antibodies. Overall, 49 of 173 (28, 32%) participants exhibited seroreactivity for brucellosis. Headache, joint pain, night sweats, fever, and anorexia were common symptoms in seropositive cases. Furthermore, 63.27% of seropositive participants were asymptomatic. The prevalence of brucellosis in these occupational groups in relation to the absence of clinical manifestations in a significant number of them was high, thus periodic clinical examinations in these groups appear to be essential to the brucellosis surveillance system. Regular and consistent use of equipment should be encouraged of personal protection, especially goggles, among cattle slaughterhouse workers for reduce brucellosis infection(AU)

Desenvolvimento de organogel injetável subcutâneo de Pluronic®-F127 e lecitina de soja (OPL) contendo meloxicam para uso veterinário / Development of a veterinary organogel formulation containing soy lecithin, Pluronic® F-127 and meloxicam for the treatment of acute and chronic pain in small animals

O organogel é formado por uma matriz tridimensional composta de filamentos que se auto-organizam em uma rede entrelaçada e que, por seu tipo de estrutura, pode ser utilizado com o objetivo de atuar como um implante que se forma in situ, sendo capaz de se comportar como uma forma farmacêutica de liberação prolongada. Esse trabalho tem, por tanto, o objetivo desse trabalho foi desenvolver, caracterizar, quantificar e traçar perfis de dissolução para formulações de organogel contendo meloxicam como principio ativo. O material está dividido em quatro capítulos, sendo apresentada inicialmente (I) revisão da literatura a respeito da lecitina de origem vegetal, com suas principais fontes de obtenção, como soja, girassol e colza, e também seu uso farmacêutico na obtenção de formulações como organogéis, microemulsões e lipossomas. Os demais capítulos abordam (II) desenvolvimento e otimização de uma formulação de organogel contendo lecitina de soja e Pluronic® F-127 como formadores da matriz tridimensional e meloxicam como principio ativo. (III) Desenvolvimento e validação de um método de quantificação do teor de meloxicam por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). (IV) Desenvolvimento de um método de dissolução para formulações de organogel, que fosse capaz de ser utilizado na caracterização do perfil de dissolução de diferentes formulações. Com os resultados obtidos, foi possível desenvolver formulações de organogel contendo lecitina de soja, Pluronic® F-127 e meloxicam, assim como um método analítico validado para as analises de teor. Por fim, foram obtidos também os perfis de dissolução de duas formulações mais promissoras

Organogels are formed by a three-dimensional matrix composed of filaments that selforganize in an interlaced network and that, due to its type of structure, can be used with the objective of acting as an implant that forms in situ, being able to behave as an extendedrelease dosage form. This work has, therefore, the objective of this work was to develop, characterize, quantify and trace dissolution profiles for organogel formulations containing meloxicam as active ingredient. The material is divided into four chapters, initially presented (I) review of the literature on lecithin of plant origin, with its main sources of production, such as soybean, sunflower and rapeseed, and also its pharmaceutical use in obtaining formulations such as organogels , microemulsions and liposomes. The remaining chapters address (II) development and optimization of an organogel formulation containing soy lecithin and Pluronic® F-127 as three-dimensional matrix formers and meloxicam as an active ingredient. (III) Development and validation of a method for quantification of meloxicam content by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). (IV) Development of a dissolution method for organogel formulations, capable of being used to characterize the dissolution profile of different formulations. With the results obtained, it was possible to develop organogel formulations containing soy lecithin, Pluronic® F-127 and meloxicam, as well as a validated analytical method for content analysis. Finally, the dissolution profiles of two more promising formulations were also obtained

Covid-19: biossegurança e educação em saúde em estabelecimentos veterinários no município de Niterói, Rj, Brasil / Covid-19: biosafety and health education in veterinary establishments in the city of Niterói, Rj, Brazil / Covid-19: bioseguridad y educación en salud en establecimientos veterinarios en la ciudad de Niterói, Rj, Brasil

O Brasil passa atualmente por uma grave pandemia de uma doença viral emergente denominada Covid-19, a qual já levou ao óbito centenas de milhares de pessoas. Como medidas de controle da doença, vêm sendo implementadas ações de distanciamento social com o fechamento, total ou parcial, de diversas atividades econômicas não prioritárias. O setor veterinário se encontra entre os estabelecimentos não atingidos por essas medidas, devido à necessidade de atendimentos emergenciais para a saúde animal. O presente trabalho, de caráter observacional, seccional e descritivo, buscou descrever e avaliar o conhecimento dos médicos veterinários acerca da doença e seu potencial zoonótico, as medidas tomadas nos estabelecimentos veterinários visando prevenir a transmissão do vírus da Covid-19 para as pessoas e animais e as recomendações realizadas aos tutores de animais de companhia no município de Niterói. Os resultados indicaram que os médicos veterinários apresentaram dificuldade quanto ao reconhecimento da doença como uma zoonose, apesar de conhecerem os modos de transmissão e os animais afetados pela enfermidade, além disso, esses profissionais faziam recomendações aos tutores visando evitar a transmissão da doença. Os estabelecimentos veterinários pesquisados buscaram se adequar para o enfrentamento da epidemia, principalmente com medidas que não os impactassem do ponto de vista econômico.(AU)

Brazil is currently facing a severe pandemic caused by an emerging viral disease referred to as Covid-19, which has led to thousands of deaths. As a means to control the spread of the disease, total and partial social distancing initiatives have been implemented in several non-essential economic activities. Veterinary clinics and pet shops have not been affected by these measures due to the demand for emergency animal care. This work, as an observational, sectional and descriptive based effort, aimed at describing and evaluating the knowledge among veterinarians regarding the disease and its zoonotic potential, the measures adopted by the clinics to prevent Covid-19 transmission to people and animals, and the recommendations to pet tutors in the municipality of Niterói. According to the results, veterinarians presented difficulty in recognizing the disease as a zoonosis, despite being aware of its transmission methods and the animals it affected. These professionals also recommended certain actions to pet tutors to avoid the spread of the disease. The surveyed clinics sought to be prepared to face the epidemic, mainly through measures that would not cause them economic impact.(AU)

Brasil atraviesa actualmente una grave pandemia de una enfermedad viral emergente llamada Covid-19, que ya ha provocado la muerte de cientos de miles de personas. Como medidas de control de la enfermedad se han implementado acciones de distanciamiento social con el cierre, total o parcial, de varias actividades económicas no prioritarias. Entre los establecimientos no afectados por estas medidas se encuentran los del ramo veterinario, debido a la necesidad de cuidados urgentes a la salud animal. El presente trabajo, de carácter observacional, seccional y descriptivo, buscó describir y evaluar el conocimiento de los médicos veterinarios sobre la enfermedad y su potencial zoonótico, las medidas tomadas en los establecimientos veterinarios con el fin de prevenir la transmisión del virus de la Covid-19 a personas y animales, y las recomendaciones realizadas a los tutores de animales de compañía del municipio de Niterói. Los resultados mostraron que los veterinarios tenían dificultades para reconocer la enfermedad como una zoonosis, a pesar de conocer los modos de transmisión y los animales afectados por la enfermedad, además, los profesionales hacían recomendaciones a los tutores para evitar la transmisión de la enfermedad. Los establecimientos veterinarios investigados buscaron adaptarse para hacer frente a la epidemia, especialmente con medidas que no les afectaran mucho desde el punto de vista económico.(AU)

Occupational infection to Brucella abortus B19 vaccine despite antimicrobial prophylaxis / Infecção ocupacional pela cepa vacinal de Brucella abortus B19 apesar de profilaxia antimicrobiana

ABSTRACT: The authors report the case of a veterinarian who acquired brucellosis infection by accidental exposure to Brucella abortus vaccine (BRUCEL-VET B19) while performing animal vaccination. Antibiotic prophylaxis with doxycycline and rifampin for six weeks was indicated, but rifampin was discontinued after 10 days due to gastrointestinal in-tolerance. Despite prophylaxis, the patient seroconverted after 30 days, but was asymptomatic and did not require additional antibiotic therapy. Post-exposure prophylaxis of Brucella is not free from side effects and asymptomatic seroconversion can occur despite prophylaxis. (AU)

RESUMO: Os autores relatam o caso de um veterinário que adquiriu infecção por brucelose por exposição acidental à vacina Brucellaabortus (BRUCEL-VET B19) durante a vacinação animal. A profilaxia antibiótica com doxiciclina e rifampici-na por seis semanas foi indicada, mas a rifampicina foi descontinuada após 10 dias devido à intolerância gastroin-testinal. A profilaxia pós-exposição de Brucella não está isenta de efeitos colaterais e a soroconversãoassintomática pode ocorrer apesar da profilaxia. (AU)

Evaluation of actions of the official veterinary service to mitigate outbreaks of infectious laryngotracheitis and improve biosecurity on laying hen farms / Avaliação de ações do serviço veterinário oficial para bloqueio de foco de laringotraqueite infecciosa e melhoria da biosseguridade em granjas de postura

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT), caused by an Alphaherpesvirus (Gallid herpesvirus-1; GaHV-1), has been noticed in the region of the Terras Altas da Mantiqueira, Minas Gerais. From 2010 to 2018, the "Serviço Veterinário Oficial" (SVO) of the "Instituto Mineiro Agropecuário" (IMA), implemented measures to prevent spread of the virus to other regions and control the disease in the area. Due to the close proximity and consequent epidemiological link among farms, the region was considered a unique epidemiological unit. To check the efficiency of the ILT control measures, we carried out: (1) a seroepidemiological survey, (2) questionnaires for evaluating biosecurity measures; and (3) an evaluation of the influence of farm population density on the occurrence of ILT. In 2016, 2017, and 2018, ILT was investigated using epidemiological and clinicopathological methods, along with GaHV-1 molecular detection. Serological survey was carried out on 24 farms in the quarantined region and on 13 farms from other regions of the state. In 2010 and 2018, questionnaires were applied to collect data and determine indicators of biosecurity practices in all farms of the quarantined area. The differences were then assessed (Wilcoxon's p<0.05). The results indicated positive serology throughout the region, although only on four farms (16.6%) the chickens have clinical signs, macroscopic and histological lesions of ILT. The prevalence of viral infection increased from 2016 (27%) to 2017 (50%) and was higher in farms with a high stock density (p=0.033). No disease, virus or antibodies were detected in the farms outside of the quarantined area. Although the biosecurity indicators had improved on all farms in the quarantined area (p<0.05), the virus was active and circulating in the region. The contingency measures have contained the outbreak, but biosecurity practices are paramount in the control of new outbreaks. Official control will be maintained in the region, including surveillance of new cases and biosecurity procedures to mitigate the risk of the virus reaching other regions.(AU)

Laringotraqueíte infecciosa (LTI), causada por um alfaherpesvírus (herpesvírus Gallid-1; GaHV-1), foi observada na região das Terras Altas da Mantiqueira, Minas Gerais. De 2010 a 2018, o Serviço Veterinário Oficial (SVO) do Instituto Mineiro Agropecuário (IMA) implementou medidas para impedir a disseminação do vírus para outras regiões do estado e controlar a doença na região interditada. Devido à proximidade e consequente vínculo epidemiológico entre as granjas, a região foi considerada uma unidade epidemiológica única. Para verificar a eficiência das medidas de controle de LTI, foram realizados: (1) pesquisa soroepidemiológica, (2) questionários para avaliar medidas de biosseguridade; e (3) avaliação da influência da densidade populacional da granja na ocorrência de LTI. Em 2016, 2017 e 2018, a LTI foi investigada usando métodos epidemiológicos e clínico-patológicos, com a detecção molecular de GaHV-1. O levantamento sorológico foi realizado em 24 granjas da região interditada e em 13 granjas de outras regiões do estado. Em 2010 e 2018, foram aplicados questionários para coletar dados e determinar indicadores de medidas de biosseguridade em todas as granjas da área interditada. As diferenças foram avaliadas (p<0,05 de Wilcoxon). Os resultados indicaram sorologia positiva em toda a região, embora apenas em quatro granjas (16,6%) as galinhas apresentaram sinais clínicos, lesões macroscópicas e histológicas da LTI. A prevalência de infecção viral aumentou de 2016 (27%) para 2017 (50%) e foi maior em fazendas com alta densidade de alojamento (p=0,033). Presença da doença, vírus ou anticorpos foram detectados nas granjas fora da área interditada. Embora os indicadores de biosseguridade tenham melhorado em todas as fazendas da área interditada (p<0,05), o vírus está ativo e circulava na região. As medidas de contingência contiveram o surto, mas as práticas de biosseguridade são fundamentais para o controle de novos surtos. O controle oficial será mantido na região, incluindo a vigilância de novos casos e procedimentos de biosseguridade para mitigar o risco de transmissão do vírus para outras regiões.(AU)

Molecular detection of Babesia canis vogeli and Hepatozoon canis in dogs in the department of Magdalena (Colombia) / Detección molecular de Babesia canis vogeli y Hepatozoon canis en perros en el departamento del Magdalena (Colombia)

ABSTRACT The canine population in the cities of Ciénaga and Santa Marta has been estimated at 54,953 based on individual dogs with owners. Due to the role that dogs play in society, either as pets or as transmitters of zoonoses to humans, we conducted a study with 169 blood samples from dogs that visited two veterinary clinics in these locations between March and September of 2017. The objective of the study was to detect species of Babesia and Hepatozoon canis by amplifying the 18S gene using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCRc). The presence of Babesia sp. and Hepatozoon canis was detected in 15 (8.87%) and 12 (7.10%) DNA samples, respectively. In addition, 7 (4.14%) cases of coinfection were recorded. The Babesia sp. sequences obtained corresponded to the B. canis vogeli subspecies. This both pathogens in the Colombian Caribbean region and cases of coinfection in Colombian dogs. Therefore, the national veterinary community is encouraged to consider the information presented here in their differential diagnoses associated with companion vector-borne diseases (CVBDs). This information will allow veterinary professionals to create control and prevention strategies to prevent the spread of these infections.

RESUMEN La población canina en las ciudades de Ciénaga y Santa Marta se ha estimado en 54.953 individuos con propietarios. Debido al rol que desempeñan los perros en la sociedad, ya sea como animales de compañía o como transmisores de zoonosis al humano, se realizó un estudio con 169 muestras sanguíneas de perros que visitaron dos clínicas veterinarias en estas localidades entre marzo y septiembre del año 2017. El objetivo del estudió consistió en detectar especies de Babesia y Hepatozoon canis amplificando el gen 18S mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa convencional (PCR-c). La presencia de Babesia sp. y Hepatozoon canis se detectó en 15 (8,87%) y 12 (7,10%) muestras de ADN, respectivamente. Además, se registraron 7 (4,14%) casos de coinfección. Las secuencias obtenidas de Babesia sp. correspondieron a la subespecie B. canis vogeli. Se presentan ambos patógenos para la región Caribe colombiana y casos de coinfección en perros de Colombia. Por lo tanto, se exhorta a la comunidad veterinaria nacional a considerar la información presentada en sus diagnósticos diferenciales asociados a las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores de compañía (CVBDs). Esta información permitirá a los profesionales veterinarios crear estrategias de control y prevención para mitigar la propagación de estas infecciones.

Zoonosis and veterinary waste disposal in rural practice / Zoonosis y disposición de desperdicios veterinarios en la práctica rural

The objectives of this study were to estimate: (a) the frequency of zoonoses in large animal veterinarians from rural areas of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and (b) to describe the use and disposal of personal protective equipment (PPE) and selective veterinary clinical waste. A cross-sectional study was carried out on large animal veterinary practitioners in the Province of Buenos Aires (n = 106). One third (29.2%) of them had been diagnosed with a zoonosis by laboratory-methods, being brucellosis the most frequent (22.6%). The more years passed since their graduation, the greater the chances of becoming ill (p < 0.001). Gloves were the most adopted PPE; however, other elements had little or no use at all. Older and experienced professionals used PPE less frequently than young inexperienced practitioners. Some PPE was frequently reused and the final disposal of veterinary waste was often inappropriate. A change in behavior is an urgent need to preserve not only the veterinarians' health but also their families' wellbeing and to ensure proper disposal of potentially hazardous waste.

Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron los siguientes: a) estimar la frecuencia de zoonosis en veterinarios de grandes animales que desarrollan su labor en la provincia de Buenos Aires; b) describir el uso y la disposición de los elementos de protección personal (EPP) y otros residuos generados durante el trabajo de estos veterinarios. Para ello se realizó un estudio transversal en una muestra de 106 profesionales. En un tercio de ellos (29,2%) se había sido diagnosticado por métodos de laboratorio alguna zoonosis; la brucelosis fue la más frecuente (22,6%). Se encontró que a mayor tiempo transcurrido desde la graduación, mayor era la probabilidad de enfermarse (p< 0,001). Sobre la base de las respuestas obtenidas en cuestionarios estructurados, se determinó lo siguiente: que los guantes fueron el EPP más adoptado, mientras que otros elementos tuvieron escasa o nula adopción; que los profesionales de mayor edad y experiencia usaron EPP con menos frecuencia que los practicantes más jóvenes e inexpertos; y que algunos EPP se reutilizaban con frecuencia y que la eliminación final de los desechos veterinarios fue a menudo inapropiada. Considerando estos hallazgos, es claro que se requiere un cambio de comportamiento para preservar no solo la salud de los veterinarios, sino también para asegurar el bienestar de sus familias y garantizar la eliminación adecuada de los residuos potencialmente peligrosos.

Avaliação do conhecimento de consumidores sobre saúde pública e importância do médico veterinário / Assessment of consumer knowledge on public health and importance of the veterinary doctor

Com o objetivo de avaliar os consumidores, quanto ao nível de conhecimento destes sobre a saúde pública foi aplicado um questionário a 197 consumidores. Os consumidores foram questionados aos sobre dois pontos se procuravam o médico em casos de intoxicação ou toxinfecção alimentar e se sabiam a importância do médico veterinário. Foi possível observar que a minoria dos consumidores possui o hábito de notificar a ocorrência de doenças de origem alimentar e que a maioria destes tem conhecimento sobre a importância da atuação do Médico Veterinário na Saúde Pública. Sendo importante a realização de educação sanitária sobre a relevância da participação da população sobre a melhoria da saúde pública. A cartilha entregue aos participantes introduziu a educação sanitária como forma de iniciar o interesse dos mesmos nessa área.

Avaliação sobre a percepção dos consumidores do municipio de Seropédica acerca das atividades exercidas pelo médico veterinário na área de inspeção dos produtos de origem animal / Evaluation on the perception of consumers in the municipality of Seropédica about the activities exercised by the veterinary in the area of inpection of animal products

A atividade desenvolvida no presente trabalho faz parte da ação de extensão que é promovida anualmente pelo Programa de Educação Tutorial - PET de Medicina Veterinária, intitulado: “Veterinária da Rural: Saúde Global”. Ao grupo coube perceber, avaliar e informar a população local sobre as ações do médico veterinário no setor de produtos de origem animal desde a sua origem até a comercialização. Para avaliar o entendimento da população foi aplicado um questionário com perguntas simples sobre o assunto. Percebeu-se que apesar dos consumidores estarem atentos as questões de data de validade e qualidade visual dos produtos ainda existem dúvidas e desconhecimento sobre o trabalho do veterinário neste setor. Desta forma divulgar o conhecimento acadêmico/científico de uma maneira acessível para a população é de grande importância, e a interação dos alunos neste exercício de cidadania é fundamental para a sua formação como profissional e ser humano.

Atuação do médico veterinário na Vigilância Agropecuária Internacional / Veterinary physician's activities in International Agricultural Surveillance

No Brasil, o controle da entrada de produtos de origem animal é responsabilidade do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) que atua através do serviço da Vigilância Agropecuária Internacional (VIGIAGRO), presente nas barreiras sanitárias primárias do país. Sendo assim, objetivou-se explanar as atividades do Médico Veterinário na barreira sanitária em zona primária no Brasil. A coleta de dados foi obtida através do sistema de estatística (Agrostat) do MAPA. Com isso, conclui-se que a fiscalização exercida pelo profissional Médico Veterinário, na barreira sanitária em zona primária, nos Produtos de Origem Animal é de relevância socioeconômica significativa e imprescindível para a saúde única do país. Assim as atividades do VIGIAGRO garantem a qualidade e inocuidade dos alimentos consumidos diariamente pela população.

Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics models of veterinary antimicrobial agents

Misuse and abuse of veterinary antimicrobial agents have led to an alarming increase in bacterial resistance, clinical treatment failure, and drug residues. To address these problems, consistent and appropriate dosage regimens for veterinary antimicrobial agents are needed. Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) models have been widely used to establish rational dosage regimens for veterinary antimicrobial agents that can achieve effective prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases and avoid the development of bacterial resistance. This review introduces building methods for PK/PD models and describes current PK/PD research progress toward rational dosage regimens for veterinary antimicrobial agents. Finally, the challenges and prospects of PK/PD models in the design of dosage regimens for veterinary antimicrobial agents are reviewed. This review will help to increase awareness of PK/PD modeling among veterinarians and hopefully promote its development and future use.

Aspecto médico veterinário legal das lesões em aves silvestres promovidas por colisões com aeronaves / Medico-legal veterinary aspect of lesions in bird strike

The objective of this study was to describe lesions in four birds, victims of collisions with aircraft, coming from the International Airport of Recife/Guararapes Gilberto Freyre, Pernambuco, Brazil. Contused wounds were predominant in birds in this study, characterized by the presence of fractures, bruises and hematomas and justified by the blunt action promoted by the type of vulnerant agent involved (aircraft). The analysis under medico-legal veterinary aspect of lesions in bird strike is essential, because in addition to the attempt to establish a standard for differentiating the aircraft lesions, it can guide the bird strike hazard management programs at airports, since the necropsy allows the identification of the species involved or at least facilitates the obtaining biological material for identification.(AU)

A Case of Radiation Exposure-associated Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Veterinarian / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

Changes in hoof kinetics and kinematics at walk in response to hoof trimming: pressure plate assessment

Appropriate hoof preparation and symmetry are linked to the well-being of the horse. Previous studies have shown the efficacy of pressure plates (PPs) in delivering objective biomechanical analysis. We aimed to assess the effect of hoof trimming on hoof biomechanics using a PP. Nine clinically sound Arabian horses were walked across a PP while foot strike was recorded by a digital camera. Kinetic and kinematic parameters were recorded before and after trimming. Changes were considered significant when p < 0.05. Vertical force (p = 0.026) and contact pressure (p = 0.006) increased after trimming. Stance-phase duration (p = 0.006), swing-phase duration (p = 0.023), and gait-cycle duration (p = 0.007) decreased significantly post-trimming. The observed changes in kinetic and kinematic parameters were related to hoof trimming. The reported results underline the importance of farriery practice and its effect on hoof biomechanics, which should be considered by both farriers and veterinarians.

Knowledge, attitudes, and behavioural risk factors regarding zoonotic infections among bushmeat hunters and traders in Nsukka, southeast Nigeria / 한국역학회지

OBJECTIVES: In light of the dramatic spread of Ebola virus in some parts of Africa and the 2014 outbreak in Nigeria, a study was conducted to evaluate bushmeat dealers' knowledge and attitudes about zoonotic infections and the risk of transmission to humans.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a community in Nsukka, southeast Nigeria. Hunters (n=34) and bushmeat traders (n=42) were interviewed. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to generate the data. The Fisher exact test was used to evaluate the significance of differences between these groups.RESULTS: Only 11.8% of the hunters, as compared to 35.7% of the traders, had no knowledge of possible causes of zoonotic infections (p < 0.05). However, 64.7% of the hunters, compared to 38.1% of the traders, were ignorant regarding the responsibility of public health personnel and veterinarians (p < 0.05), and 76.5% of the hunters compared to 42.9% of the traders were ignorant regarding the existence of zoonoses in Nigeria (p < 0.05). A statistically significant difference was also found between these groups regarding the risk of contracting an infection from ectoparasites (p < 0.05). The attitudes of respondents towards zoonotic diseases did not differ significantly between the groups.CONCLUSION: The level of awareness about zoonotic diseases was low in this area, underscoring the need for interventions.

Knowledge, attitudes, and behavioural risk factors regarding zoonotic infections among bushmeat hunters and traders in Nsukka, southeast Nigeria / 한국역학회지

OBJECTIVES: In light of the dramatic spread of Ebola virus in some parts of Africa and the 2014 outbreak in Nigeria, a study was conducted to evaluate bushmeat dealers' knowledge and attitudes about zoonotic infections and the risk of transmission to humans. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a community in Nsukka, southeast Nigeria. Hunters (n=34) and bushmeat traders (n=42) were interviewed. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to generate the data. The Fisher exact test was used to evaluate the significance of differences between these groups. RESULTS: Only 11.8% of the hunters, as compared to 35.7% of the traders, had no knowledge of possible causes of zoonotic infections (p < 0.05). However, 64.7% of the hunters, compared to 38.1% of the traders, were ignorant regarding the responsibility of public health personnel and veterinarians (p < 0.05), and 76.5% of the hunters compared to 42.9% of the traders were ignorant regarding the existence of zoonoses in Nigeria (p < 0.05). A statistically significant difference was also found between these groups regarding the risk of contracting an infection from ectoparasites (p < 0.05). The attitudes of respondents towards zoonotic diseases did not differ significantly between the groups. CONCLUSION: The level of awareness about zoonotic diseases was low in this area, underscoring the need for interventions.

Ectopic migration of Dirofilaria immitis in a Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) in Korea / 대한수의학회지

An 8-year-old female Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) reared in a wetland center, died 2 h after sudden onset of astasia and dyspnea despite medical treatment. Gross examination of internal organs revealed 10 adult filarioid nematodes in the right ventricle of the heart and three between the left and right cerebral hemispheres. All nematodes were identified as Dirofilaria immitis by direct microscopy and polymerase chain reaction assay. Histopathological observation revealed multifocal hemorrhage in the cerebral subarachnoid space and focal necrosis with hemorrhagein the cerebellar parenchyma. Although rare, veterinarians should consider cerebral dirofilariasis as a differential diagnosis in unexplained neurological cases.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices toward antimicrobial usage: a cross-sectional study of layer and pig farm owners/managers in Chiang Mai, Lamphun, and Chonburi provinces, Thailand, May 2014 to February 2016 / 대한수의학회지

This study aimed at determining the current knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of layer and pig farmers to antimicrobial usage and its consequences. Description of such KAP could provide insights useful for promoting the rational use of antimicrobials in livestock. From May 2014 to February 2016, a survey involving 251 respondents in Chiang Mai, Lamphun, and Chonburi provinces, Thailand, was conducted by using a validated questionnaire. More than half (51.0%) of the respondents incorrectly believed that antimicrobial drug efficacy could not be reduced by using sub-recommended dosages, 61.2% had misconceptions about non-therapeutic antimicrobial use, and 66.9% inaccurately felt that antimicrobials were also effective for virus and fungi. Over half (50.6–55.2%) did not see the need to follow instructions or advice of veterinarians. Moreover, only 10.4% regularly relied on responses to drugs sensitivity tests when evaluating the effectiveness of antimicrobials. Overall, assessment of KAP regarding antimicrobial usage indicated that the majority of respondents had low levels of knowledge of antimicrobials, neutral rather than positive attitudes, and employed poor practices in the use of antimicrobials. The results indicate improvements in KAP could be helpful in developing more effective interventions by farmers, reduce antibiotic usage, and slow the growth of antimicrobial resistance.

Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) and feline ADMSCs using anti-human antibodies / 대한수의학회지

Various trials have been conducted to develop therapies for serious untreatable diseases. Among these, those using stem cells have shown great promise, and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are easier to obtain than other types of stem cells. Prior to clinical trials, characterization of ADMSCs with monoclonal antibodies should be performed. However, it is difficult to use species-specific antibodies for veterinarians. This study was conducted to confirm the panel of human antibodies applicable for use in immunophenotypic characterization of canine adipose-derived stem cells and feline ADMSCs extracted from subcutaneous adipose tissue collected during ovariohysterectomy. For flow cytometric immunophenotyping, the third passages of canine ADMSC and feline ADMSC and human CD31, CD34, CD42, CD44, CD62 and CD133 antibodies were used. Of these, CD133 reacted with canine cells (3.74%) and feline cells (1.34%). CD133 is known as a marker related with more primitive stem cell phenotype than other CD series. Because this human CD133 was not a species-specific antibody, accurate percentages of immunoreactivity were not confirmed. Nevertheless, the results of this study confirmed human CD133 as a meaningful marker in canine and feline ADMSCs.

Development and evaluation of accessories to improve the posture of veterinary surgeons in surgical procedures conducted in the field / Desenvolvimento e avaliação de acessórios para melhorar a postura de cirurgiões veterinários em procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados a campo

The study was conducted based on the information collected on rural properties in the state of Goiás, during practical classes of Surgical Clinic in Large Animals at the Veterinary Hospital of the Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia of the Universidade Federal de Goiás and during the implementation of outreach projects developed by the institution. An acropostite-phimosis surgical procedure in the bulls in the field was selected, lasting over 30 minutes and requiring movements, posture and strength on the part of the surgeon. Devices were proposed and developed to provide improved comfort and safety to surgeons. The first device was a stool to be used by the professional during the execution of the surgical intervention. The use enabled the surgeon to sit down and rest their feet on the ground, reducing knee bending and distributing the support forces in various muscle groups. For the movement restriction of the surgeon, another accessory was developed to support the foreskin of the animal. Made of wood, this other device serves as a support for keeping the foreskin away from the ground and close to the surgeon. Its length, width and thickness established a good relation with the stool height, providing minimal discomfort to the professional. The third device was designed to assist in the immobilization of the animal and increase safety for the patient and surgical team. A fourth accessory was designed to protect the scapular region and avoid the occurrence of injuries in the radial nerve, myopathies and traumas during the rollover or prolonged stay of the animal in lateral decubitus. The choice of the shape, dimensions and softness of the device was mainly based on the weight of the animal. Such devices have proven to be effective, reducing the time of surgery, making cervical and lumbar movement easier, in addition to providing better support to the surgeon, reducing risks of musculoskeletal diseases.(AU)

O estudo foi realizado com base nas informações coletadas em propriedades rurais do estado de Goiás, durante aulas práticas de Clínica Cirúrgica de Grandes Animais no Hospital Veterinário da Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Goiás e durante a execução de projetos de extensão desenvolvidos pela instituição. Foi selecionado um procedimento cirúrgico de acropostite-fimose em touros a campo, com duração acima de 30 minutos e com exigência de movimentos, postura e força por parte do cirurgião. Foram propostos e desenvolvidos dispositivos para proporcionar melhor conforto e segurança aos cirurgiões. O primeiro consistiu de um assento para ser usado pelo profissional durante a execução da intervenção cirúrgica. A utilização permitiu que o cirurgião sentasse e apoiasse os pés no chão, reduzindo a flexão dos joelhos e distribuindo as forças de apoio por diversos grupos musculares. Para a restrição de movimentação do cirurgião, outro acessório foi desenvolvido para apoiar o prepúcio do animal. Confeccionado em madeira, serve de suporte para mantê-lo distante do solo e próximo ao cirurgião. Seu comprimento, largura e espessura estabeleceram boa relação com a altura do assento, proporcionando o mínimo de desconforto ao profissional. O terceiro dispositivo foi confeccionado para auxiliar na imobilização do animal e aumentar a segurança para o paciente e para a equipe de cirurgia. Um quarto acessório foi desenvolvido para proteger a região escapular e evitar a ocorrência de lesões de nervo radial, miopatias e traumas durante o derrubamento ou a permanência prolongada do animal em decúbito lateral. A escolha do formato, das dimensões e da maciez do dispositivo fundamentou-se principalmente no peso do animal. Tais dispositivos mostraram-se efetivos, pois reduziram o tempo de cirurgia, facilitaram a movimentação cervical e a lombar, além de proporcionarem um melhor apoio do cirurgião e, assim, reduzirem riscos de doenças osteomusculares.(AU)